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The counterfeiters for the British were known as "shovers", presumably for the ability to "shove" the fake currency into circulation. Great Britain did this during the American Revolutionary War to reduce the value of the Continental Dollar. The idea is to overflow the enemy's economy with fake banknotes so that the real value of the money plummets. Nations have used counterfeiting as a means of warfare. Rather than executing Alexander the Barber, the Emperor chose to employ his talents in the government's own service. Far more fortunate was an earlier practitioner of the same art, active in the time of Emperor Justinian. Another explanation is the fact that issuing money that people could trust was both an economic imperative, as well as a (where applicable) Royal prerogative therefore, counterfeiting was a crime against the state or ruler itself, rather than against the person who received the fake money. The theory behind such harsh punishments was that one who had the skills to counterfeit currency was considered a threat to the safety of the State, and had to be eliminated. Similarly, in America, Colonial paper currency printed by Benjamin Franklin and others often bore the phrase "to counterfeit is death". These include producing the false money and selling it wholesale. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Irish immigrants to London were particularly associated with the spending (uttering) of counterfeit money, while locals were more likely to participate in the safer and more profitable forms of currency crime, which could take place behind locked doors. The extreme forms of punishment were meted out for acts of treason against the State or Crown rather than a simple crime.Īmerican 18th-19th century iron counterfeit coin mold for making fake Spanish milled dollars and U.S. Evidence supplied by an informant led to the arrest of the last of the English Coiners " King" David Hartley, who was executed by hanging in 1770. Thomas Rogers was hanged, drawn, and quartered while Anne Rogers was burnt alive. The English couple Thomas and Anne Rogers were convicted on 15 October 1690 for "Clipping 40 pieces of Silver". In the 13th century, Mastro Adamo was mentioned by Dante Alighieri as a counterfeiter of the Florentine fiorino, punished with death by hanging. To control access to the paper, guards were stationed around mulberry forests, while counterfeiters were punished by death. When paper money was introduced in China in the 13th century, wood from mulberry trees was used to make money. A fourrée is an ancient type of counterfeit coin, in which a base metal core has been plated with a precious metal to resemble its solid metal counterpart. Precious metals collected in this way could be used to produce counterfeit coinage. A common practice was to "shave" the edges of a coin. Before the introduction of paper money, the most prevalent method of counterfeiting involved mixing base metals with pure gold or silver. Coinage of money began in the region of Lydia around 600 B.C. 5 Penalties by country for creating counterfeit moneyĬounterfeiting is sufficiently prevalent throughout history that it has been called "the world's second- oldest profession".There has been significant counterfeiting of Euro banknotes and coins since the launch of the currency in 2002, but considerably less than that of the US dollar. Today some of the finest counterfeit banknotes are called Superdollars because of their high quality and imitation of the real US dollar. During World War II, the Nazis forged British pounds and American dollars. Another form of counterfeiting is the production of documents by legitimate printers in response to fraudulent instructions. The business of counterfeiting money is almost as old as money itself: plated copies (known as Fourrées) have been found of Lydian coins, which are thought to be among the first Western coins. Producing or using counterfeit money is a form of fraud or forgery, and is illegal. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ĭounterfeit money is currency produced without the legal sanction of the State or government, usually in a deliberate attempt to imitate that currency and so as to deceive its recipient. ( August 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
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